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ted_yosem
Sound technical content, curated with aloha by
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
Pine Beach, NJ
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Analytical tool to measure saccharin and butynediol concentrations in Nickel sulfamate electroforming bath




Q. Our topic might not be very interesting but the answer should be easy...
We are a surface treatment company that has just developed its own Nickel electroforming process. We use for the first time organic compounds like saccharine & butynediol.
We don't know how to measure the concentrations of these compounds in our bath. So far we have sub-contracted the measurements but we would like to make them internally since we are industrialising our process for large production. We have seen in the literature that CV Cyclic Voltammetry could be used. There must be well established techniques and analytical equipment since organic compounds are quite widely used in electroplating.

JULIO VALLES
Plating shop technician - Toulouse, France
2007



simultaneous replies

The best way is probably to use HPLC; I got saccharin analysis down to about 10 ppb detection limit and 1,4-butyne diol down to about 100 ppb. I cannot recall if I used a conductivity or UV detector, but I used acetyl nitrile as a solvent and the equipment was made by Dionex. The problem is that the concentrations are very low in the electroforming bath, but the nickel levels are very high, so high dilutions need to be used. I know you can use solvent extraction (chloroform) for saccharine, but do not know for butyne diol, so perhaps a technique could be developed around that methodology...

trevor crichton
Trevor Crichton
R&D practical scientist
Chesham, Bucks, UK
2007


The method that I use is based upon proprietary reagents so I won't give it to you. It is, however, based upon information available from the suppliers of sodium saccharine and 1,4 butynediol. I would suggest you get the information from them for relatively simple wet titrations.

Gene Packman
- Great Neck, New York
2007




nickel book
The Sulfamate Nickel How-To Guide

by David Crotty, PhD & Robert Probert

2007

thumbs up sign Thank's Trevor, Gene for your quick responses.
Indeed HPLC is the technique used for the analysis of saccharine in the food industry (according to the literature). But most surface treatment companies cannot afford to buy such equipment.
From my knowledge they use manual or automated titration techniques.
I have seen a couple of publications on potentiometric titration for saccharine, but nothing for butynediol.
Cyclic Voltammetry seems to be a good candidate too, but it might require skilled technician to run it.
I will contact the suppliers of the products as suggested by Gene, and will let you know.
Kind regards
Julio

Julio VALLES [returning]
Electroforming - Toulouse, France


A. Depending on how quantitative you want to get, you might have luck with a TLC or paper chromatography technique.
How intense the visualized spot is can give you some semi-quantitative information.

There are likely methods in the AOAC handbook (food analysis) for saccharin that could be adapted to your problem. If you can get that compound with the triple bond extracted from the solution matrix, you might have luck reacting it with a known amount of bromine, then back titrating the excess.

dave wichern
Dave Wichern
Consultant - The Bronx, New York
2007


simultaneous replies

Julio,
I have a procedure that will work for you. You need to determine the "factor". This you do by analyzing a known quantity of the sodium saccharin in solution.

1. Pipet a 50 ml sample of the nickel solution and pour into a pear shaped separatory funnel.
2. Add 2 ml concentrated Hydrochloric Acid. Shake well for 1 to 2 minutes. Then add 25 ml Ethyl Acetate. Shake well again for 2 to 3 minutes and allow to settle
3. Run lower nickel layer off into a beaker [beakers on eBay or Amazon [affil links] . (retain for further use). Wash ethyl acetate layer with DI water by running the water down the side of the separatory funnel. Allow to separate (do not shake) and run off and discard lower layer.
4. Repeat washing a second time. Check the ph of the wash water being drawn off (should be about 4.5) Transfer ethyl acetate to a 250 ml Ehrlenmeyer flask
5. Put retained nickel layer into separatory funnel. Extract and wash as before.
6. Combine both extractions in the same flask. Add 10 ml methyl alcohol and 1 ml bromocresol purple this on eBay or Amazon [affil links] Indicator. Titrate to a blue endpoint with 0.1N Sodium Hydroxide this on eBay or Amazon [affil links] .
7. Using you standard calculate the sodium saccharin concentration.

(This procedure adapted from that used to measure some nickel stress relievers/carriers).

Gene Packman
process supplier - Great Neck, New York


Thanks Dave,

Indeed there are analytical techniques and even standards for saccharine in the food industry but the ones I found use HPLC, as suggested by Trevor.
I look for something less expensive, in terms of equipment investment.
The bromine lead for butynediol can be investigated...
Potentiometric titration is another lead that we investigate...but most likely we won't be able to measure both compounds at the same time, we will need to extract one of them.
We have contacted our product suppliers as suggested by Gene, but so far no relevant answer from them...
So we keep on searching...

JULIO VALLES [returning]
Electroforming - Toulouse, France


Q. I'm curious if you found a technique to analyze the Butynediol? Particularly any specifics on the titration method...

Thanks for any responses.

Dana Walker
- Seattle, Washington, USA
June 30, 2010



Q. Concerning the HPLC method of determining butynediol by Trevor Crichton: The solvent mentioned is acetyl nitrile; is that the same as acetonitrile?

Ulla Petersen
- Kvistgaard, Denmark
January 6, 2011



Correct - the solvent is acetonitrile.

trevor crichton
Trevor Crichton
R&D practical scientist
Chesham, Bucks, UK
April 23, 2021


A. I just read the responses for wet analysis of sodium saccharin. The most important step is adding sufficient hydrochloric Acid to effectively reduce pH of the nickel bath tested below 2.0. This step chemically changes sodium saccharin to its saccharin acid species. Being no longer water soluble we aggressively mix the solution enabling the acid saccharin to become soluble in the Ethyl Acetate solvent. The final step is typical acid / base titration, achieving the Sodium Saccharin end product.

Stephen Rudy
- East Hanover New Jersey
March 27, 2021




Brightener consumption in nickel plating

Q. Hello everyone
I want to say thanks first -- I learn so much on this website from forums and members.
I have a small bath 20 l of bright nickel: nickel sulphate, nickel chloride boric acid and brighteners. Now after time of plating I suppose have brightener consumption and get semi-bright deposit. I don't have access to any lab for detailed analysis of solution etc. -- just basics pH, temp...
So what I am asking for help with is which brightener is consumed more while plating, saccharine or 1,4 butynediol? I don't have much drag out loses because I spray parts with distilled water above tank after plating.
Should I put 1/3 of total when making bath, of saccharine and 1/3 of 1,4 butynediol. Or more? How much? What is more consumed during plating saccharine or butynediol? Also at startup of bath it is added small amount of phthalmide. Any advice is appreciated.

Marin Rakuljic
- Split, Croatia
April 23, 2019



April 2019
ASM Metal Handbook
9th Edition, Vol. 5

"Surface Cleaning, Finishing & Coating"
asm_vol5old
on AbeBooks

or eBay or

Amazon

(affil links)

A. Hi Marin. This is book knowledge, not advice from an experienced nickel plater ...

Saccharin is considered a "carrier" which extends the bright range; it is used in the wide range of 1 to 24 g/l and is not consumed except by dragout (of which you have almost none). 1,4 butynediol is considered both a brightener and an auxiliary brightener, and is used in the very wide range of 0.005 to 4 g/l, and it is consumed by electrolysis. The above is extracted from ASM Metals Handbook vol. 5.

It sounds to me like you should add the 1,4 butynediol but no saccharin, and that your first acquisition should probably be a Hull Cell :-)

Regards,

ted_yosem
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey


thumbs up sign Thanks very much Ted for that information. I will do what the book says.
And I really need to buy that book.
Best regards,

Marin Rakuljic [returning]
- Split, Croatia
April 26, 2019




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