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ted_yosem
Sound technical content, curated with aloha by
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
Pine Beach, NJ
finishing.com -- The Home Page of the Finishing Industry


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2024-T4 vs. 2024-T351 MATERIAL




Q. What is the difference between 2024-T4 and 2024-T351? Our customer has asked for a 2024-T4 (rod) but I am having trouble finding the T4 material.

Michael Markstrom
precision tool & die - Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
2007



simultaneous replies

A. I believe this may be what you are looking for:

T351- Solution Heat Treated and cold worked by stretching. Equivalent to --T4 condition. It applies only to 2024 plate and rolled bar and 2219 plate per MIL-A-8920

T4- Solution Heat Treated and naturally aged to substantially stable condition. Applies only to products which are not cold worked after solution heat treatment.

Callie J. Benson
- Eastford, Connecticut, USA
2007


A. Both have been solutionized at 920 F, water quenched and then naturally age hardened at room temperature for 4+ days. The difference: after quenching, the T351 rod was stress relieved by stretching 1-3% prior to aging. Thus, T351 is more stable for machining, as T4 still has residual stresses from quenching: compressive near the surface and tension in the center.
T4 is perhaps better in some fatigue applications.

Ken Vlach [deceased]
- Goleta, California

contributor of the year Finishing.com honored Ken for his countless carefully researched responses. He passed away May 14, 2015.
Rest in peace, Ken. Thank you for your hard work which the finishing world, and we at finishing.com, continue to benefit from.

2007


A. T351 and T4 are temper designations of the aluminium alloy. T351 is a solution treated, cold worked and naturally aged and substantially stable condition. It is stress relieved by cold stretching to a permanent set of 1.5% to 3%.
T4 is solution treated and naturally aged to a substantially stable condition. (Definitions from ANSI 35.1)

T351 can be heat treated to T4 by heating to 495±5C (time dependent on cross sectional thickness) and the either cold water or polymer quenched (again the delay time between heat treatment and quenching is dependent on thickness, but generally the quicker into the quench the better). The material should then be naturally aged at ambient temperature for a minimum of 96 hours before being released.

Alternatively you could consider buying it in the temper state you require, try ordering SAE-AMSQQA200/3 T4.

Brian Terry
Aerospace - Yeovil, Somerset, UK
2007


A. Hi Michael,
T351 means "solution heat-treated, stress relieved through controlled stretching and naturally age hardened. The products are not straightened after stretching".
T4 means "solution heat-treated and naturally age hardened".
Now if your customer is asking for RODs in 2024 - T4 temper, then make sure that after extrusion the rods are solution heat-treated but no artificial age hardening treatment.

Good luck.
Basu

Srimay Basu
- Dubai, U.A.E.
2007



Q. Hello
my name is Marius, I am a student at an engineering Faculty from Romania.
For my final project I need some information about one heat treatment for AA 2024.
I want to ask you if it is a heat treatment for aa 2024, and after this heat treatment to obtain a minimum yield stress value of 350 MPa

Maarius Marian
- Buzau, Romania
2007



Q. Hi, I'm a drafter in the automotive industry. I came across some of our older drawings this morning that specify Aluminum 2024-T3511. No one here knows the difference between T351 and T3511. Can someone help specify the main difference between the two? Thanks!

Aaron Bizzell
Design drafting - Clover, South Carolina
April 21, 2008


A. The difference between t351 and t3511 is that t351 receives no further straightening after stretching and the t3511 receives minor straightening after stretching to comply with standard tolerances per machinist handbook.

Curt Cantrell
- Fayetteville, Tennessee, USA
January 31, 2011




Q. Hi.

Do you know of any books that will have all this information? I.e. a book which will specify the differences between T3, T351, T3511, T4, T42, T6, T6511, etc -- not only for 2024, but 7075, 6061, etc.

Thank you.

GUILLERMO VARGAS
- Langley, BC, Canada
May 3, 2012




Q. Dear all, can you help me, where can I find thickness tolerance (geometrical data) for 2024 T4? Thank you.

Vasabi Suspent
- Munich, Germany
June 5, 2018


"Alcoa Aluminum Handbook
Aluminum: its forms, alloys, and tempers"

alcoa_aluminum_handbook
on AbeBooks

or eBay or

Amazon

(affil links)

A. Hi Guillermo. The "T" series are 'thermally treated tempers'. The Aloca Aluminum Handbook explains it in the first few pages, then goes on to tabulate all sorts of data and properties for aluminum shapes. Good luck.

A. Hi Vasabi. The tolerances are going to depend on the shape, and they may or may not depend upon the alloy (depending on the shape). The Alcoa Aluminum Handbook has subchapters on tolerances for each of its sheets & plates, wrought products, extruded products, wire, etc.

Regards,

Ted Mooney, finishing.com
Ted Mooney, P.E.
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey




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