Science project: will electroplating work with liquids other than water?

"Electroplating"
by F.A. Lowenheim

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"Electroplating Engineering Handbook"
by Larry Durney

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A. Hi, Aleksey. Your question is really tough for 6th grade! And it's fine to ask for help when you've reached a stumbling point, but I don't think you've really thought your question through yet, and that is the heart of learning. After you truly understand the question you can seek answers, but at this point you are mixing words like "usual" into your question in a vague & unscientific fashion; and naming vinegar as a "usual" solvent, then also saying it is an unusual one...

In order to electroplate something you need to have a solution that is electrically conductive and is capable of dissolving the metal in question; once these two conditions are met, you can turn a metal into and ion and transport the ion, and possibly electroplate it out.

But metals won't dissolve at neutral pH, you need either acid or alkali to dissolve them. And oil would not work because it doesn't conduct electricity; sugar water would not work because it can't dissolve metal because it is neutral pH. But almost any acid (including lemon juice, vinegar, or soda) or almost any alkali dissolved in water is usable for electroplating of at least some metals for a science project. Please see our FAQ, "How Electroplating Works" for instructions on plating pennies with zinc or quarters with copper. Although very impractical for school science projects, molten salts, ionic solutions, and certain polar solvents can also be used for electroplating.

It is NOT a good idea to experiment with ammonia, bleach, or household cleaners though; those can be quite dangerous.

Good luck!

Aleksey, electroplating is complex subject and for the main, the only common chemical to most electroplating systems is water. The reason you see other materials such as vinegar and epsom salt [affil links] mentioned is only because they are easily available and will do a required job to a greater or lesser extent. I would sincerely hope that cyanide is not a "usual formula" chemical in your life - it has a habit of killing people!

The subject you are researching has been well covered on this site, so if you go into the archives, you will find a veritable feast of information to help you!

A. Hi, Nathan. The best thing to do if the antiques are important to you is to send them to a plating shop for replating. The kind of plating that we teach students here is for the purpose of helping them understand chemical and electrochemical principles without using any dangerous chemicals; it is nothing like real industrial electroplating in terms of brightness, thickness, adhesion, wear resistance, etc. "Real" plating usually involves very strong, noxious, regulated (and sometimes carcinogenic) chemicals. Silver plating usually involves deadly cyanide-based solutions.

But if the shakers are copper or brass it may be possible to deposit silver on them at home with readily available commercial products rather than via actualelectroplating. Please see our FAQ, "Silver Plating at Home", and see if it is helpful to you. Good luck!

Regards,

A. Hello Jasjot. Here in the USA students from 2nd grade to 12th grade and beyond do electroplating science projects, but they do them differently depending on whether they've been in school for two years or twelve. And some times it's a research project and other times a demonstration project. So it's hard to know the best starting point for you.

If you are a younger student who must do a demonstration, please see our FAQ ""How Electroplating Works" for practical experiments as well as theory -- but you should try to do the copper plating onto something made of nickel, silver, or brass, not steel. If you are an advanced student and absolutely must do the electroplating onto steel, or you are just looking for theory and will not be attempting an experiment, get back to us please because that requires cyanide or pyrophosphate copper plating and is too dangerous and/or difficult for younger students. Good luck.

Regards,