Nickel electroplating on carbon fiber

"Electroplating Engineering Handbook"
by Larry Durney

on AbeBooks

or eBay or

Amazon

(affil links)

A. Filtration is quite standardized in the plating industry ... I don't mean that there aren't many ways to do it, rather that many ways to do it are commercialized and well established. One of the early steps is selecting a proprietary plating solution because, based on the brightener system selected (if any), the carbon filtration regimen may vary. Often you can just do continuous carbon filtration with either a charcoal depth-wound filter cartridge for cartridge style filters, or an auxiliary bag of activated carbon for plate style filters. But it may be that the nickel solution requires off-line batch filtration for removal of organic breakdown products. You may also want a "slurry tank" to make up a solution of filter aid.

Nickel plating rectifiers usually range from about 9 to 18 volts, and the current ranges from say 30 to 50 ASF. The way to look at it, though, is that the current required is 30 to 50 ASF and the bath resistivity is such that 9 to 18 volts will usually be required depending on the anode to cathode spacing.

A. 1. Exactly. Depending on the nickel process selected, some organic contaminants will not respond to continuous filtration with or without activated carbon, and will require an off-line treatment tank for hydrogen peroxide treatment, treatment at close to boiling temperature, and/or large quantities of activated carbon mixed into the solution (you don't want to ever put activated carbon directly into the plating tank itself because you won't be able to easily get it all out).

2. The usual function of the slurry tank is a place to mix up filter aid for preloading the filters with filter aid. There are other threads on line here offering some other ideas for raising the pH besides through the use of nickel carbonate.

3. Each bath has its applications, and its proponents for overlapping circumstances, but I think most people would suggest nickel sulfamate if you are seeking ductile plating and bright nickel is not required.

4. I don't think I agree with that one.

CVD Nickel Coating

A. I just ran across this thread while doing some research. One thing to consider is CVD nickel coating process for carbon fibers, which is inherently better than typical plating processes. Just another option for your company to consider.

---

Chemical Vapor Deposition

Thanks Mark. I think we'll agree that one thing can be "better" than another thing only in the context of better fulfilling a specific list of requirements or parameters. I'm not as familiar with nickel coating carbon fibers as you are, so I'd appreciate if you can tell us what requirements or parameters CVD is "inherently better" at. Thanks.

Regards,

Ted Mooney, P.E.
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
November 2013

"Electroless Plating"
by Mallory & Hajdu

on eBay or

AbeBooks

or Amazon

(affil links)

A. I never electroplated carbon fibers, so I checked the US patent office for the latest procedures. There is one for carbon filament; it involves the use of coupling agent, metallization procedure, electroless plate, then electroplate resulting to higher adhesion characteristic.

Good luck,

A. Why Electrolytic Nickel? High Phosphorous Electroless Nickel does a perfect job on Composites.

A. Nickel electroplating on carbon or graphite fiber is relatively easy. Plating single or multiple rows of carbon or graphite are done in a standard nickel bath. I was involved in this process in the early 80's and we manufactured continuous and chopped fiber for the aerospace and electronics industries. A patent search should turn up all you need to know. (Plating with copper is a completely different animal entirely!)

A. Hi Ramesh. I don't know if you are hand making your own chemistry because you feel it is better, or just because you are not from the plating industry and didn't realize the commercial availability of proven proprietary sensitizing, activating, and electroless nickel processes. Often these proprietaries contain small amounts of activators, complexors, stabilizers, etc. that were painstakingly developed over the years and are not well covered in the plating literature. Unless you have a good reason not to consider proprietaries, I think you should. Good luck.

Regards,

Q. Actually I am a student and we are doing research project on Carbon fiber reinforced Aluminum metal matrix composite. There is no wetting of carbon fibers into aluminum, so we have to coat them. We are getting Nickel coating on it but it's not uniform.
I am from mechanical Engrg. background, please tell me which chemicals should I use for plating carbon fibers.

"Chemical (Electroless) Nickel Plating"
by G. G. Gawrilov

on AbeBooks

or eBay or

Amazon

(affil links)

A. Hello again cousin. According to the MFSA "Quality Metal Finishing Guide" for Electroless Nickel Plating, the causes of skip plating and poor coverage are:
a). Improper cleaning, b). Improper activating, c). Improper rinsing, d). Metallic contamination, e). Organic contamination, or f). Too much air agitation.

I am going to guess that this wasn't much help, but unfortunately it's doubtful that myself or other readers can improve upon it in the abstract. One solution to your problem is to become an electroless nickel plating expert yourself by studying the books on the subject and acquiring a great deal of experience. We'll be pleased to stand by, ready to offer more targeted help as you learn and as you present additional data ... but another route is to buy a proprietary electroless nickel plating system and get help from its vendor.

If your goal is not to become an electroless nickel plating expert, but to just quickly do the plating right so you can move on to making your aluminum matrix composite, a proprietary plating process is definitely the way to go. You will find several suppliers of the whole sensitize - activate - electroless nickel plate - post treat process in your area.

Best of luck.

Regards,

A. To plate onto carbon fiber is the same as plating on plastics. We are doing this kind of plating daily. To do so, you need to make the surface rough first, than try the process of electroless copper or electroless nickel strike; the last is to coat the nickel layer by conventional electrolytic nickel plating / high phos EN nickel / sulfamate nickel.

A. I am sorry, gave the wrong answer. For those kind of metals, please try Rio Tinto or China Minerals and Metals.

A. You can increase the voltage and amperage by combining metal with copper as your fist coating. As long as the coating is well covered. If not well covered your metals will oxidise. You can do 25/75 to 75/25 well covered.