Galvanizing high silicon steel

A. Adding Ni to your Zn to about 0.06% Ni will modify the relationship between coating thickness and % Si in the steel.
There are several ways to add:
1. But pre Ni added Zinc
2. Add Ni/Zn alloy - usually about 5% Ni
3. Add Ni tablets. Ni powder in a wax with flux additives.
There are other methods that in my opinion do not work as well as these three.

"Hot Dip Galvanizing of Steel Structures"
by Kuklik & Kudlacek

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"Handbook of Hot Dip Galvanization"
by Maass & Peissker

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A. I am not a galvanizer, but I thought galvanize would stick to any clean metal. Chemical treatment will involve a lot of transportation and other costs. Try grit blasting a piece and see if that helps. If this material has been machined or cut, what did you use to remove the cutting fluid. Worst case, is it a silicone cutting fluid? If it is and the part got hot, nearly nothing will take it off.

A. We manufacture steel poles and outdoor sports lighting fixtures. We experienced the same thing you are experiencing about 1 year ago.

Our problems were either related to

a) high phosphorus content, or

b) high silicon content.

Our galvanizer first alerted us of the problem before the product had even made it out of their plant. They speculated what the problem was, but asked if they could keep a couple samples to have chemically analyzed to confirm for us. We agreed and sure enough they were right. To date, every time we've had problems with galvanizing this has been the problem.

Through a lot of headaches, we were able to work with them to define the chemical content of the steel. This information is available through the American Hot Dip Galvanizers Assoc. They can also give you information that I won't really go into (particularly since I'm no expert) to explain the effects of high silicon and/or high phosphorus. If you continue to pursue, you will likely find, as we did, that good galvanizing can be assured if the chemical content of the steel meets one of the 3 following criteria.

1)
Carbon < or = .25%
Silicon < or = .04%
Phos. < or = .02%

2)
Carbon < or = .25%
Silicon between .15% and .20% {we've had success going as high as .25% on silicon with this criteria)
Phos. < or = .02%

3)
Carbon < or = .25%
Silicon + 2.5 (PHOS) < or = .09%
The farther you can stay below the upper limits the better your success will be. Also, you'll find that equation 2 primarily pertains to ASTM A36 material. Equation 3 will allow silicon or Phos to exceed the limit in equation 1, as long as the other decreases.

Lastly, when we added these specs to our prints our vendors' first reaction was that it would be more costly material. That has never really materialized. We do require mill certification now with all steel received that will be galvanized.

Hope this helps

A. We have very good experience with galvanizing steel with a high silicon and/or phosphorus content. Also with products in the "sandalin" range. The problem is the reactivity of the steel in the zinc melt. It is possible to decrease the reactivity by adding aluminum into the zinc melt. The aluminum content must be around 0.025 %.

A. Dear Sirs,

Actually I'm not an expert in galvanizing field. You are speaking about high Silicon content in the steel which causes problem in galvanizing. It is called "Sandelin Range" of Silicon. There is a kind of Zn-Ni alloys marketed by Union Miniere Group of Belgium which has local sales offices called Sogem in more than 20 countries. Contact their specialists to check what further information you can get.

Hope this would help.

Best regards,

A. Michael,

I wanted to clarify item #3 from my message above.

I've noticed this was printed in Metal Finishing and does not coincide with the equation I was attempting to get across. In looking back on the above message, I see better clarity on my part would have helped.

Criteria #3 should have read:

Silicon + (2.5 x Phosphorous) < or = .09%

Thus if Silicon were .05% and Phosphorous were .01% the equation would be:

.05 + (2.5 x .01) = .075%

This steel would meet criteria #3, but would not meet the other 2, but would still galvanize acceptably.

Jim

A. It has been my experience that proper activation of the surface prior to galvanizing is the critical issue. Metallurgically speaking it is possible to have scattered areas of iron silicates that have a different etch rate. Using an acid which can attach this type of material more aggressively will eliminate the problem, such acid are: Phosphoric, Fluoboric, and hydrofluoric. Concentrations should be around 10% to 20% by volume. I hope this is helpful.

Cleanliness, Cleanliness, and CLEANLINESS is the single most critical parameter.

A. My experience with high silicon or phosphorous steel has been that some customers can only afford the less expensive steel with the afore mentioned contents. Our solution: quick immersion and withdrawal from the kettle. It is unfortunate however that the content is nearly impossible to detect. Pass this info to your galvanizer and see if it helps.

BJ

A. I am a galvanizer for the past 18 years and we run into this silicon problem occasionally. We have added nickel to our kettle and that helps dramatically. I have also heard that you can lower the zinc bath temperature and that will help the silicon problem.

A. Steels containing high amounts of silicon can be galvanized satisfactory by controlling the temperature of the galvanizing bath to a temperature of approximately 820 °F. This slows down the alloying process and reduces the thickness of the coating. Additions of nickel to the galvanizing bath can assist in the galvanizing of silicon steels. The amount of nickel must be controlled to prevent the onset of higher amounts of dross and/or skims to the galvanizer which will affect the cost structure. Galvanizing of steels in nickel-containing kettles will reduce the alloying process and generally will result in coatings that are not blotchy.

A. Good drying is a very important part of the galvanizing business.

A. Sir:
In galvanizing silicon killed steel (phosphorus also causes problems), it is important to have short kettle times and low kettle temperature. Reactive steels attain about 1 mil (25.4 microns) for each minute they are in the molten zinc. Coatings greater than 6 mils are subject to impact and flaking off. Thus kettle times longer than 6 minutes should be avoided. Often the flux solution is the problem. It can be contaminated with sodium chloride or potassium chloride, iron salts, sulphate, have too low of an ammonium chloride/zinc chloride ratio (I "coined" this "ACN"; meaning ammonium chloride number in my articles in the journal METAL FINISHING; some of which are available on the internet.) These "poor" fluxes are not volatile enough and result in long "cook out" times. The flakes in this case are brittle and thick.
Regards,