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Increasing plating hardness

Are there any specific chemicals, for increasing the plating hardness of acid copper & hard chrome. What are the criteria to get maximum hardness on chrome- specific conditions?

Regards,

Subroto Chakraborty
photo gravure - Hyderabad, Karnataka, India
2003

Gelatin (0.2g/l) was used long ago to increase hardness in acid sulphate copper. Its been replaced by other things like triethanolamine. Such deposits are brittle. Hard chrome is even harder using fluorides or mixed catalyst chemistry. The later is (or used to be) proprietary and most qualified vendors offer it.

Guillermo Marrufo
Monterrey, NL, Mexico
2003

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